Figure 1. Sprinkler irrigation.
Last Update 23/ 11/ 2002
in English/ in Esperanto/ in Portuguese
Frame study for the course to be presented during the XVI
Regional Meeting of the Brazilian Chemical Society (XVI ERSBQ-MG)
in Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 18-20/11/2002. The theme of the meeting
is "Quality of the waters: a social question", by Roberto A. Mueller.
In this course the interactive technique developed in chemical teleeducation
will be used due to its high educational efficiency.
More than 5,700 data of 169 countries are presented, organized in 44
graphics of different sources, all ordered according the Human Development
Index (HDI) as in the Report of 2000, published in Portuguese, by Trinova
Editora, Rua das Salgadeiras, 36-2 Esq., 1200, Lisbon, Portugal.
The symmetry will naturally appear after data and respective HDI comparison.
HDI is the sum of the human development measurement items, as presented below.
The 44 graphics are uniformly organized for user convenience. An orange banner on the top of the graphics displays its title. Below that follows a yellow banner informing the data range and its unit. The x co-ordinate of the cursor may be used to quick find data related to any particular country across graphics since all countries are represented at same relative positions in all applications. The name of any particular country and its correspondent datum are displayed in the status bar at the bottom of the browser whenever the mouse is in push and drag action over the position indicated by the cursor on the graphic. Different data set can be selected on the menu at the right side of the figure. A mouse click on the menu will display the corresponding graphic. Any new graphic is marked by a grey line when selected for the first time. This enables the follow-up of any adopted sequence of selections. Five chapters are able to store selected graphic information, as can be observed in the table on the top of this page. All the data is in integers, the display for any missing data is just -1.
Presentation of population and cultivated area of the Planet ordered in 8 graphics according to the HDI sequence for each of the 169 countries organized as explained in graphic resource.
The 8 graphics are: total population, urban population, rural population, demographic density, arable area, permanent crops area, rural demographic density, percent area of arable and permanent crops.
Bibliography
Aquastat - FAO's Information System on Water and Agriculture. http://www.fao.org/waicent/faoinfo/agricult/agl/aglw/aquastat/dbase/index.htm
Presentation of different kinds of water production in the Planet ordered in 13 graphics according to the HDI sequence for each of the 169 countries organized as explained in graphic resource.
The 13 graphics are: surface water produced internally, ground water produced, total internal renewable water source, average precipitation (in volume), reused treated water and desalinated water. Plus all the previous in "per capita" form. And average precipitation in mm/year is also there.
The unusual precipitation per capita study is here included to discuss mean social aspects of precipitation.
Bibliography
Aquastat - FAO's Information System on Water and Agriculture
http://www.fao.org/waicent/faoinfo/agricult/agl/aglw/aquastat/dbase/index.htm
Presentation of water utilization in the Planet ordered in 8 graphics according to the HDI sequence for each of the 169 countries organized as explained in graphic resource.
The 8 graphics are: total water use, industrial water use, domestic water use, agricultural water use, water use per area of arable and permanent crops, domestic water use per capita, irrigated crops and irrigated grain production.
Please note the very important domestic water use per capita related to social production, health and life quality.
Bibliography
Aquastat - FAO's Information System on Water and Agriculture
http://www.fao.org/waicent/faoinfo/agricult/agl/aglw/aquastat/dbase/index.htm
This chapter is dedicated to the Federal University of Vicosa (UFV), traditionally an agricultural university, where XVI-ERSBQ will be lodged
Chemistry students may not be familiar with irrigation systems. Figure 1 and 2 will give a first insight for sprinkler and surface irrigation.
Figure 1. Sprinkler irrigation.
Figure 2. Surface irrigation.
Presentation of irrigation in diverse systems in the Planet ordered in 6 graphics according to the HDI sequence for each of the 169 countries organized as explained in graphic resource.
The 6 graphics are: a first group on irrigation area irrigated with: surface water, ground water and non conventional source of water. And the second group: surface, sprinkler and micro irrigation.
Bibliography
Aquastat - FAO's Information System on Water and Agriculture
http://www.fao.org/waicent/faoinfo/agricult/agl/aglw/aquastat/dbase/index.htm
Presentation of health, education and related data in the Planet ordered in 9 graphics according to the HDI sequence for each of the 169 countries organized as explained in graphic resource.
The 9 graphics are: cholera reported to WHO, malaria in 1997, campylobacter from diarrhoea specimens from under-5-years-olds, population using adequate sanitation facilities (1999), population using improved water sources in 1999, public expenditure on education (1995-1997), public expenditure on health (1998) , scientists and engineers in R&D (1987-1997) and mean years of schooling, age 15 and above (2000).
Please note the symmetry related to malaria, domestic water use per capita and mean years of schooling.
Bibliography
Human Development Report 2001 (HDR-2001)
http://www.undp.org/hdr2001
Cholera Cases Notified to WHO, 1998
http://www.who.int/emc/diseases/cholera/choltbl1998.html
OMS (WHO) Copenhagen, Denmark, 21-25 November 2000
http://www.who.int/emc-documents/zoonoses/docs/whocdscsraph20017.pdf
In this chapter a brief explanation of the assembly work involved to accomplish this page will introduce the student into some aspects of the involved technique.
The original data transferred from Aquastat tables are similar as showed in figure 3. Integers and floating point variables are mixed with other characters. The minus character was added for didactical reasons to this position just to show how the original source announces a missing value.
Figure 3. Aspects of the original tables.
Data in suitable format was arranged as observed in figure 4 by a fortran program. Here the data are recorded as integers, adopted for all the 169 countries. The lack of "total internal renewable water resources" for Algeria was introduced in the figure just for didactical purposes, to show its representation by -1.
Figure 4. Computer ordered data table for visual survey.
The initial part of the 4 lines for the precipitation in mm/year data as used in the array for one of the graphics can be observed in figure 5. Minus one is the notation for the absent datum. This table was prepared by a fortran program.
Figure 5. Small section of one of the data arrays used in the application
program.
The scale factor calculation for the graphic construction demands the determination of the biggest value to be plotted. This was accomplished after ordering each set of 169 values with the QuickSort algorithm. It works like follows: a seed element of the array (here adopted as the element in the centre) is selected. Next all elements smaller than the seed element are separated in a new container and all the elements bigger or equal to the seed in a second new container. Partition is repeated in recursive mode in these containers and so on until the complete set is ordered. The speed of the method is highest when the seed element is in the centre of the range of the values.
Bibliography
HERBERT SCHILDT, "C" Completo e Total, Makron Books do Brasil LTDA
e Editora McGrae-Hill Ltda, São Paulo, 1991, 889 p.
Figures 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 show children and young students sitting on the floor in their classroom on different activities and very different conditions. The careful analysis of these situations will prepare the mind for some conclusions on behaviour, coexistence of races, equal opportunities and possible future actions.
Figure 6. Children sitting on the floor and their teacher in the classroom.
http://www.unicef.org/sowc02/feature4.htm
Figure 7. Girls keeping notes on notebooks on the floor of the classroom.
http://www.unicef.org/sowc02/feature3.htm
Figure 8. Children in the classroom sitting on the floor and watching
their teacher preparing food. http://www.henry.k12.ga.us/ele/gingerbread/patrick.htm
Figure 9. Children in the classroom sitting on the floor, wearing the
hats prepared by them during an art class. http://www.centennial.k12.or.us/schools/lm/kids/images/rouse_shape_hats_small.jpg
Figure 10. Young students sitting on the floor and preparing for a
playshop.
http://www.childresearch.net/CYBRARY/PLAYSHOP/2000NAGOYA/FIND.HTM
Comments
Part of the available original set of informations on the sources have
subsets of data collected in different dates.
When the political intention, the financial and organizational means
will be favourable in all countries then informations will no more lack.
Dedication, competency and love enables teaching with success.
Material resources and accommodation are of relevant importance, able to
increase interest, curiosity and motivation of students. When the people
will move suitable constructive actions the contrasts will be attenuated
and more progress will succeed.
When this will happen there will no more be terror nor terrorists,
no more war nor warriors, hunger will be an archaic term because there
will be food for all.
Violence will be identified and treated as a curable illness and individually
treated in early infant age.
Epidemics will be extinguished at all because the global population
will live in healthy equilibrium in body and mind, in an environment kept
clean by their inhabitants.
Pain will be substituted by comprehension and comprehension will build
happiness in the environment.
The understanding of the complementary symmetry of health and human
development will be global.
Moral will guide self murderers to offer their bodies for experimental
medicine in order to eliminate fortuitous unknown disease.
General weapons and mass destruction weapons will be settled in museum
sections and people will prefer to visit other sections.
For some this appears as novelty, others will identify old true.
Ignorance will not hinder local utopia to be a general reality in more
advanced civilizations.
Good things tend to eternalize. On the other hand, all bad thing belongs
to an ephemeral fashion.
Please send your comments.
Table of subjects.
